![]() Similarly, the dog is less likely to bark at home or scratch the couch if this behaviour is punished with detention. For instance, a dog may wag its tail and do a trick if this behaviour gets rewarded with food. So, an organism is more likely to repeat a behaviour if it is rewarded or not repeat the behaviour if it is punished by/in the external environment. The behavioural theory of operant conditioning purports that human beings are motivated to cause and repeat behaviours that are rewarded (and not punished) by the environment. Or, a young woman, who witnessed abusive parents growing up, may want to avoid abusive friends but keeps 'falling' for abusive partners. For instance, an individual may claim to be "wanting to improve themselves" at work, when in reality they may be competing with others for a promotion. One of the most unique aspects of the psychodynamic perspective of motivation is its distinction between conscious (explicit) vs unconscious (implicit) motives. Fears, just like wishes, range from conscious to unconscious, such as the fear of not being accepted, being punished, or unnecessary worries about the future. Once a wish is attained, it becomes less intense or activated.Ī fear is an internal representation of an undesired state that has unpleasant emotions or feelings associated with it. Wishes may include conscious desires such as wanting to get a new iPhone or obtaining a reward at work, and unconscious desires such as wanting to be accepted by friends or being wanted by a significant other. ![]() ![]() Furthermore, they also advocate that these motives are closer to clinically observed concepts of wishes and fears.Ī wish is an internal representation of a desired state that has an emotion or arousal associated with it. Modern psychodynamic theorists now highlight two additional motives: need for relatedness to others and need for self-esteem. And so, he reasoned that aggression must be an essential component of self-preservation and overall motivational force. The sexual drive includes desires for love, lust, and intimacy, whereas the aggressive drive includes aggressive impulses and desires to control or master other people and environment.įreud's conceptualisation of drives stemmed from his experience of World War I where he witnessed aggression on a large scale. Freud argued that human beings are motivated by innate drives which he regarded as internal tension states that build up until they are satiated.įreud proposed two elementary drives: sex and aggression. Psychodynamic Perspective underscores the biological basis of behaviour. Let's first dive into the different perspectives on motivation that are popular in the field of psychology. What is Motivation?ĭefinition of Motivation Motivation may be defined as the inner psychological drive that instigates and maintains action to achieve a desired goal. This article focuses on three aspects of motivation: definition of motivation, perspectives on motivation, and theories of motivation (in exercise and sport contexts). Motivation plays a vital role in why people engage in different forms of physical activity – from sport and exercise to dance and yoga.
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